«DezavidTM-POOL»
A new generation disinfectant
for water in pools
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According to the world standards chlorine has served for a long time as the main disinfectant of water in pools. It is undoubtedly effective but not the ideal substance, particularly taking into account its negative influence on the human body.
It is known that approximately 1% of employed chlorine when contacting with organic substances in water, forms dangerous carcinogenic compounds that cause allergic reactions and irritation of skin and eyes.
Recent studies by Belgian scientists showed that volatile substances formed in pools after interaction of chlorine with sweat were very harmful to lungs. Regular visitors of indoor pools, both children and adults were tested for volumes of the proteins in blood that indicate lung tissue injuries.
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According to the results (eng,fr) the frequency of visits to pools is directly connected to the number of proteins. Moreover, the test results of children who visited pools regularly were similar to those of inveterate smokers. People who did not swim but were close to the pool water for a long time also had increased concentration of same proteins.
Therefore scientists all over the world have been seeking a safe substitution of chlorine and chlorinated compounds for disinfection of water including disinfection of water in swimming pools.
We will not consider here allegedly alternative methods of disinfection such as ultraviolet or ozone treatment. First, both of these methods are not all-sufficient and, since they do not provide bacterial resistance of water they are effective only if used in combination with a chlorinated compound. Second, there are some technological disadvantages such as hypostability of ozone molecule, high power intensity, etc. And third, they both require expensive and complicated main, subsidiary and control devices that often break, which may lead to stoppage of prophylactic or repair work (for example, for changing of burned-out bactericide lamps or permanent cleansing of protective retorts and inner surfaces of the disinfection block when ultraviolet means is used), or to such a danger as overdose in case of breakage of the destructor of residual gaseous ozone, etc. The only advantage of these methods is the decrease of chlorinated compounds concentration used in technological binding with them.
Thus we will talk about a search for a simpler, more efficient and effective method of full exclusion of chlorinated compounds from water disinfection process with simultaneous improvement of water quality in comparison to chlorine, ultraviolet or ozone treatment.
The market research shows that the most successful decision has been found by a Russian innovation company “Adequate technologies” which produced a disinfectant of new generation DEZAVIDÒÌ that has proved an effective agent for water disinfection in indoor and outdoor pools.
Besides, results of studies, laboratory and release tests carried out by experts of the Research Institute of Disinfection Studies of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the Research Institute of Human Ecology and Hygiene of Environment named after A.N. Sysin of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the Research Institute of Virology named after D.I. Ivanovsky of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, a state enterprise «INSTITUTE MOSVODOCANALNIIPROEKT», a state enterprise «BRYANSKIYE MIS», and by licensed laboratories in Thailand, Turkey, Bulgaria, Italy, China, and Australia confirmed, that in comparison with conventional agents for water disinfection DEZAVIDÒÌ:
The main component of DEZAVIDTM is synthetic bactericide polyelectrolyte consisting of guanidine compounds, which cause destruction of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
These prevalent compounds have been long used as physiologically active substances: medicines, antiseptics and pesticides. In 1986 the USA registered a preparation named Baquicil for water disinfection in pools; however that agent made on the basis of biguanidine was not accepted by the market because a large part of it, about 20% formed expensive biguanidine.
Today a method of producing a cheaper synthetic organic polymer - cationic bactericide soluble polyelectrolyte - polygexamethylen guanidine (PHMG) has been developed in Russia. We decided to use this polymer as the basis of our disinfectant.
As its second component we chose quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) - alkylbenzildimethylammonium chloride.
Polysept and Katamin were combined to increase bactericide activity of the agent (40 times stronger than PHMG activity) due to synergetic effect of their interaction.
Such a result gives an opportunity to use significantly smaller doses of active substances (almost homeopathic), which provides absolute safety for humans. For example, the contents of PHMG and QAC even in the initial (shocking) dose of DEZAVIDTM are 0.216 and 0.04 mg per 1 liter respectively. And, taken into consideration that the determined Safe sanitary dose for a human being is 0.15 mg per 1 kg as regards PHMG and 0.2 mg per 1 kg as regards QAC, a person whose weight is 80 kg needs to drink 55-109 liters of water with PHMG or 200-400 liters of water with QAC in one go to get a potentially negative effect.
Moreover, and this is very important, neither PHMG or QAC accumulate in the human body and under the action of enzymes both are processed into urea and completely extracted from the body.
What is the mechanism of bactericide effect of DEZAVIDTM? Since all micro-organisms have negative total electric charge, they draw a positive ion of DEZAVIDTM and when it adjoins the membrane of a micro-organism it penetrates through the membrane into the cell. There the agent blocks biological activity of cell enzymes, prevents replication of nucleic acids and suppresses respiratory function of the micro-organism which leads to cell destruction.
Apart from bactericide another remarkable feature of guanidine compounds is a strong flocculate effect that promotes significant improvement of organoleptic characteristics of water. During tests of DEZAVIDTM for disinfection of sewage, storm-water inlet and water in pools, its bactericide effect (98-100%) was achieved within 10 minutes after the start of processing. At the same time the content of sewage changed substantially: not only did smell disappear and color improved, but concentration of easy-oxidized organic substances decreased by 90%, the portion of phenols and surface-active substances decreased by 55%. DEZAVIDTM precipitates fine substances in water and aggregates them in larger conglomerations, which facilitates and improves water filtration.
Thus, and it is of fundamental importance for treatment of water in outdoor pools, application of DEZAVIDTM permits to avoid use of classic triad: chlorine (for water disinfection), algaecide (for prevention of bacterial growth) and flocculent (for water purification). This affects the economics of pool maintenance. The practice of application of DEZAVIDTM instead of the said triad for water disinfection in outdoor pools in Alania (Turkey) permitted to cut down expenses for maintenance of high quality water by 40 to 50%. To say nothing of the quality of water itself that is guaranteed by the agents’ characteristics.
Below is a comparison of characteristics of the two disinfectants:
| Main characteristics |
Chlorine |
DEZAVIDTM-POOL |
| Class of danger |
3rd class when contacting with skin |
4th class when getting into stomach |
| Activity against spore-forming bacteria |
Moderate |
Active |
| Green algae |
Moderate |
Active |
| Fungus |
Moderate |
Active |
| Toxicity |
Toxic (forms carcinogens in reaction with organic substances) |
Absolutely non-toxic in doses used for water disinfection |
| Irritant action on skin and mucous membranes |
Evident |
None |
| Smell |
Evident, acrid |
None |
| Mutagenic and carcinogenic effects |
Yes |
None |
| Embryotoxic effect |
Yes |
None |
| Corrosiveness |
Evident |
None |
| Elimination of turbidity, coloration and smell |
None |
Excellent |
| Interaction with surfaces and textiles |
Discolors, makes spots, corrodes the armature |
None |
| Ecological information |
Contains active chlorine |
Does not contain active chlorine, phenols, aldehydes, sulfates |
| Shelf life |
No longer than 1 month |
3 years |
DEZAVIDTM is approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation (Certificate of the State Sanitary-Epidemic Service of the RF No. 77.99.36.2.Ó.14863.12.05 îf 22 December 2005.
Certificate of the Government Standards of the RF No. ÐÎÑÑ RU.ÕÏ09.Â01109 of 30 January 2006.
DEZAVIDTM is registered as a disinfectant for water disinfection in pools in Turkey, China, Bulgaria, and Latvia. Certification is about to be completed in Ukraine, Belorussia, Australia, Italy, Greece and Israel.
Here are some practical recommendations
for DEZAVIDTM application.
ATTENTION!!!
Effectiveness of «DEZAVIDTM-POOL»
is guaranteed only if the quality of water meets the following characteristics:
- the pH index is within 7.2-7.6
- hardness is within 5-7 mg-equ/l (i.e. 250-350 ppm)
- phosphatness is below 0,2 mg-equ/l (i.e. 200 ppm)
- no free chlorine or metals in water.
Do not apply the preparation along with oxidizing reagents (i.e. ozone, chlorine containing reagents, active oxygen)!
Therefore, we recommend that:
1. the water in freshly filled swimming pools should be processed with the "DEZAVID-METAL MINUS" preparation before adding "DEZAVID-POOL".
2. the water in pools with non-exchangeable water should be cleared with the "DEZAVID-METAL MINUS" preparation if its characteristics exceed the above parameters.
Also you can view the following documents:
Comparative analysis of efficiency of various means of disinfecting water in swimming pools. In the focus are such means as chlorination, ozonization, and use of active oxygen, ultra-violet, and dezavid
Comparative analysis of costs of application of standard reagents for swimming pools and DEZAVIDTM-POOL (as per a 100 cubic meter pool).
To view the above pages the Adobe Acrobat Reader, version 7.0, or higher is recommended.
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DEZAVIDTM has demonstrated its excellent performance for disinfection of surfaces too. To the magazine readers’ consideration we can offer treatment (wiping) of the interior of saunas, sauna equipment, furniture, bathrooms and showers with 0.5% grout of DEZAVIDTM
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